photo source: www.bmj.com

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of functional dyspepsia is a diagnosis of exclusion, namely, that we must eliminate other possible causes. Although organic diseases (ulcer, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux …) that can motivate dyspepsia are many, you could make a reliable diagnosis by a good history and further confirmation by radiological or endoscopic.

Treatment

The diagnosis, there is the difficulty of arranging a treatment for a condition which causes are unknown. Should be clear that many patients do not need any drug treatment and there is no specific therapy for this disease. This reality is not assumed by many dyspeptic who think “there must be something.”

A complete and detailed explanation of the origin of the trouble and the good prognosis of the disease by the doctor is a good therapy. Sometimes treatment can be daunting. Despite all measures taken and supplied drugs, relief can be scarce. However, it should give several recommendations but may not guarantee complete relief can be effective.

General Recommendations

Some guidelines for patients with functional dyspepsia:

Avoid snuff, alcohol and anti-inflammatory drugs that almost always have an irritating effect on mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. Coffee is poorly tolerated by some dyspeptic.

Avoid chewing gum, as they may cause air swallowing (aerophagia).

Eat slowly, chew well and drink some liquid during meals to promote gastric processing of food and aid digestion. It is essential to eat without rushing, devote time to do it calmly and avoid stress, agitation, and physical exercise before and after meals.

Eating small amounts frequently and promotes gastric emptying.

Avoid excessively fatty foods as well as spicy, spices and extra fiber.

The symptoms may be exacerbated by the states of stress or tension. In addition, dyspepsia occurs more often in people with anxiety, neurosis, hypochondriasis, personality disorders, so that supportive psychotherapy can be effective.

The herbal teas help in some cases and there is a whole arsenal of them: angelica, Boldo, lemon verbena, chamomile, yarrow, mint, pennyroyal, licorice …

With regard to medical therapy, keep in mind that should be individualized according to the predominant symptoms. In some cases it may go well prokinetic drugs that improve the bolus transit through the digestive tract, in other antacids and mucosal protective.

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Causes

The causes of functional dyspepsia are not well identified and are thought to be several mechanisms:

Gastrointestinal motility disorders. Believed to be a relevant factor in half of cases of dyspepsia. There is a disorder of peristalsis, or there is a slow gastric emptying.

Impaired gastric secretion.

Psychosomatic disorders. It has shown a relationship between stress and exacerbation of symptoms. It is believed that the increase in catecholamines and endogenous opioids, beta-endorphin, which occurs in situations of stress, strain and stress, inhibits gastrointestinal motility.

It is also envisaged in the Helicobacter pylori bacterium that causes gastric ulcers and gastritis, but although in some dyspeptic was detected this bacterium in their stomach, their eradication has not been a significant improvement in symptoms.

Symptoms

They can be very varied and take several clinical forms. The most characteristic feature of dyspepsia is pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen or behind the breastbone. It is a painful sensation which may start in the morning, when the person gets up, and sometimes not relieved by anything.

There is also a feeling of fullness, bloating after meals and also more pronounced with fatty foods. Often presented dyspeptic heartburn, heartburn, and not infrequently they have morning feeling nauseous, sometimes with vomiting without relief. Many suffer loss of appetite.

Dispéticos not all have the same symptoms. In a predominant night pain that is relieved with food intake, which is similar to that of gastric ulcer. In other defendants are bloating, belching and frequent swallowing movements, as if it were a aerophagia. Another group presented retrosternal discomfort, the heat, the sensation of a knot behind the breastbone, a very similar symptoms to gastroesophageal reflux.

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Dyspepsia, a term used by Greeks and Romans to refer to a “bad digestion”, identifies a series of aches and pains in the abdominal area similar to indigestion.

There may be an occasional and isolated, but sometimes extended over time, persists, and occurs frequently, although not a serious health problem, it does alter our quality of life, our sense of wellbeing.

From a medical standpoint, the precise definition of its causes represents a major difficulty for a condition that, according to various epidemiological studies, affects about 20% of the population in Western countries, especially after 40 years and with a similar distribution between men and women.

Types of dyspepsia

At present, according to the criteria established in 1999 gastroenterology congress held in Rome, dyspepsia is defined as any pain or discomfort located in the upper central abdomen. It has established a classification of two types-organic and functionally according to their origin.

The organic cause is a clear, identified, which can produce symptoms: gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, taking medications, irritable bowel, etc. But in no functional organic disease to account for symptoms and everything is normal except for the dyspeptic symptoms presented.

Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common problems in primary care consultations, which is the cause of between 3% and 5% of all visits. In order not to confuse it with an occasional dyspepsia, lasting only a few days, have established a set of diagnostic criteria:

Symptoms of a minimum of 12 weeks, which need not be consecutive, in the last 12 months.
The presence of dyspepsia, abdominal pain or discomfort in the middle and upper abdomen, persistent or recurrent.
Absence of organic disease that may explain the symptoms.

photo source: http://www.clinsearch-us.com/dyspepsia.jpg

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This occurs when the fluid is absorbed by the insufficiency of the colon. Under the digestasi process, either because the input fluids, food is mixed with large amounts of water. Therefore, the liquid food is digested before it reaches the large intestine. The large intestine absorbs water, with other materials such as semi-solid waste. If a lesion of the colon and inflammation, or “burning” is not in absorption, and the result is a watery stool.

Diarrhea caused by some viral infections, but often by bacterial toxins. In terms of life with clean and sufficient food and water available to patients in good health, as a rule of common viral infections, again in a few days and a maximum of one week. For people who are sick or suffering from malnutrition, severe diarrhea can cause dehydration and can be fatal if not treated.

Diarrhea is a symptom of serious diseases such as dysentery, cholera, botulism, and can also be indicative of a chronic disease like Crohn’s disease. Though appendicitis patients do not generally have diarrhea, diarrhea was aware of the symptoms of appendicitis.

Diarrhea can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption, which are caused not enough to eat, especially in someone.

Symptoms

The symptoms are constant normally found in the intestines, with nausea and vomiting. But there can be other symptoms that also in the back and belly rings wound.

Treatment

The treatment of diarrhea patients by consuming adequate amounts of water to replace lost, preferably mixed with electrolytes to provide the necessary salt and some nutrients. For many, no more treatment and medication specifically required.

Diarrhea is usually only under medical supervision is necessary:

- Diarrhea in Children
- Medium or severe diarrhea in children
- Diarrhea mixed with blood.
- Diarrhea that lasts more than 2 weeks.
- Diarrhea is common with other diseases such as abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, and others.
- Diarrhea in travelers (possibly exotic infections such as parasites)
- Diarrhea in institutions such as hospitals, day care, mental health institutions.

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Glands in the lining of the stomach, it is important digestive fluid, blood from the stomach. These lymph nodes colorless liquid acid, which contains 0.4% Kiora acid (HCI), all foods kept to himself and worked as an antiseptic and disinfectant, the producers of the agency and provide protein. SAP certain digestive enzymes in the stomach.

The function of the stomach, three, namely:
(1) food preservation in a large number at the end of the digestive Shallum accommodate;

(2) mixing the food with gastric resin form semi-solid mixture called Kimus;

(3) Gradually remove the food from the stomach into the small intestine at the proper speed for the digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

Inflammatory disease of the stomach ulcer or are often called, usually occurs when an irregular meals and the type and quality of food are not as good. Inflammation of the lining of the stomach in the form of irritation or infection of the lining of the stomach to create a swelling, bleeding red and terparut. Causes irritation of the stomach are indosin alcohol, drugs and high-dose aspirin, caffeine, corticosteroids, antimetabolites, and Butazolidin.

Gastric ulcer, chronic, probably caused by the return of bile acids and other in the stomach, bacteria, kidney disease, infections, anemia, diabetes, and some other things that irritate you. The symptoms that indicate when a person suffers from an inflammation of the stomach: The stomach is uncomfortable, vomiting, vomiting blood, nausea, abdominal cramps, indigestion, anorexia, and d others. You must do to defeat this disease is also advising the observation of food and adequate exercise. Avoid spicy foods, spicy foods, aspirin. Eat bland, with very small amounts, but several.

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